What is Dry Eye Syndrome? Causes, Symptoms, and Risk Factors

Dry Eye Syndrome is a common condition that occurs when your eyes do not produce enough tears or when the tears evaporate too quickly. It can lead to discomfort, blurred vision, and even long-term eye health issues if left untreated. At DeNovo Eye, we believe that understanding the causes and risk factors can help you recognize the symptoms early and take the right steps toward relief.
 

What Causes Dry Eye Syndrome?

Dry Eye Syndrome can be triggered by a variety of factors that affect tear production, tear stability, or overall eye health. One of the most common causes is reduced tear production, which often occurs naturally with age. As we get older, the eyes may not produce enough tears to keep the surface properly lubricated. Additionally, medical conditions such as Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders can interfere with the function of the tear glands, leading to chronic dryness.
 

An imbalance in tear composition can also lead to dry eye. Healthy tears consist of three layers (water, oil, and mucus) that work together to nourish and protect the eye. When one or more of these layers is compromised, the tear film becomes unstable. A common underlying issue here is Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD), a condition in which the oil-producing glands along the eyelid margins become blocked or inflamed. Without enough oil, tears evaporate too quickly, leading to dryness, irritation, and inflammation.
 

Other factors that can trigger or worsen dry eye include contact lens use and eye surgery. Wearing contact lenses for extended periods may disrupt the tear film and cause discomfort, especially in individuals prone to dry eye. Similarly, procedures like LASIK can temporarily affect tear production and corneal sensitivity, leading to post-surgical dryness in some patients.
 

Common Symptoms of Dry Eye

Dry Eye Syndrome can manifest in various ways, including:

• A stinging, burning, or scratchy sensation in the eyes
• Sensitivity to light
• Red or irritated eyes
• Blurred or fluctuating vision
• A feeling of something being in your eye
• Watery eyes

Symptoms may vary in severity throughout the day and may worsen in certain environments, such as air-conditioned rooms or during long drives.
 

Risk Factors to Be Aware Of

While dry eye can affect anyone, certain individuals are more at risk:

• Age: People over 50 are more likely to develop dry eye
• Gender: Women, particularly during pregnancy or menopause, are at increased risk due to hormonal changes
• Medications: Some antihistamines, decongestants, and antidepressants can reduce tear production
• Lifestyle: Screen time, low blink rate, and insufficient hydration can all contribute
• Environment: Exposure to dry, windy climates or air conditioning can exacerbate symptoms

When to See Your Optometrist

If you’re experiencing persistent discomfort, blurry vision, or irritation that does not improve with over-the-counter eye drops, it is time to schedule a comprehensive eye exam. We specialize in diagnosing the underlying cause of dry eye and offer targeted treatment plans to bring long-lasting relief. This may include in-office procedures, prescription drops, or lifestyle modifications based on your individual needs.
 

Find Relief with Expert Dry Eye Care

Dry Eye Syndrome can significantly affect your quality of life and overall eye health. By identifying the root cause, whether it’s reduced tear production, increased evaporation, or Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, effective treatment is possible.
 

If you’re experiencing ongoing dryness, irritation, or blurred vision, don’t wait for symptoms to worsen. Schedule your dry eye evaluation with DeNovo Eye and take the first step toward lasting relief. Visit our office in McKinney, Texas, or call (469) 317-2020 today.